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Certbox & NGINX on AWS

Did you know you can use CertBot and NGINX to have a wildcard certificate? Here’s how to do it with an AWS Ubuntu sever.

Prerequisites:
  • AWS Route 53 DNS hosted zone
  • Web server using NGINX
  • Website already configured using SSL
  • SSH access with sudo (root) privileges
  • Knowledge and comfort navigating linux using the bash shell
  • Knowledge and comfort on how to view and edit files in linux (ie. vi, vim, nano…)
Overview:

The high level process to achieve our objective is as follows:

  • Installing CertBot
  • Installing DNS Plugin
  • Create IAM Policy
  • Create IAM Role
  • Associate IAM Role with EC2 Instance
  • Run CertBot and get new Certs
  • Update NGINX to use new SSL Certs
  • Test and restart NGINX
  • Validate SSL Cert
  • Test and review CertBot auto renewal

Disclaimer: As with any change, please make sure that you have created a Jira ticket, received proper approval, notified business partners, scheduled the action and taken the necessary actions to backup and recover should anything go wrong.

Installing CertBot:

SSH to the web server and run the following commands:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
sudo add-apt-repository universe
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:certbot/certbot
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install certbot python-certbot-nginx
Install DNS Plugin:

SSH to the web server and run the following command:

sudo apt-get install python3-certbot-dns-route53
Create IAM Policy:

See also: https://certbot-dns-route53.readthedocs.io/en/stable/

Create new IAM policy using the AWS Route53 ZoneID of the hosted zone that you want to get an SSL Cert for.

{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Id": "certbot-dns-route53 sample policy",
    "Statement": [
        {
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "route53:ListHostedZones",
                "route53:GetChange"
            ],
            "Resource": [
                "*"
            ]
        },
        {
            "Effect" : "Allow",
            "Action" : [
                "route53:ChangeResourceRecordSets"
            ],
            "Resource" : [
                "arn:aws:route53:::hostedzone/YOURHOSTEDZONEID"
            ]
        }
    ]
}
Create a new IAM Role:
  • Click [Create Role] > [AWS Service] > [EC2] > [Next: Permissions]
  • Search for and select your newly created Policy (one created from above)
  • Click [Next: Tags] > (Enter a TAG if you wish) > [Next: Review]
  • Give your new role a meaningful name and description
  • Click [Create Role]
Associate Role with EC2 Instance:
  • Click to select your EC2 Instance
  • Click [Actions] > Instance settings > [Attach / Replace IAM Role]
  • In the “IAM Role” dropdown list, click and select the IAM Role that you created (from above)
  • Click [Apply] > [Close]
Run CertBot and get new Certs:

It’s important to get both the example.com and *.example.com as WILDCARD certs need to include the naked domain as well as any sub domains.

Note: Be sure to review/update example.com, *.example.com before running the below command. 

sudo certbot certonly --dns-route53 -d example.com -d *.example.com --dns-route53-propagation-seconds 30 -m [email protected] --agree-tos


If the above command runs successfully, it will populate the necessary certificate key files into the  /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/ directory.




Update NGINX to use new SSL Certs:


The next step requires that you update the existing SSL configuration of the NGINX server to use the new LetsEncrypt certs.  There are a few common locations to check:




    

  • /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
    • 

  • /etc/nginx/sites-available/<site name>
    • 

  • /etc/nginx/snippets/
    • 

  • Update the following folders with new “fullchain.pem and privkey.pem”
    • 

  • beta_ssl.conf , fastcgi-php.conf , rc_ssl.conf , snakeoil.conf
    • 





Between these locations, you should be able to locate the SSL configuration/settings  What your looking are the following two keys:




    

  • ssl_certificate
    • 

  • ssl_certificate_key
    • 





Below is a description of the newly downloaded LetsEncrypt keys




    

  • `privkey.pem` : the private key for your certificate.
    • 

  • `fullchain.pem`: the certificate file used in most server software.
    • 

  • `chain.pem` : used for OCSP stapling in Nginx >=1.3.7.
    • 

  • `cert.pem` : will break many server configurations, and should not be used without reading further documentation
    • 





You need to update the following SSL entries to point to the new LetsEncrypt keys 




    

  • ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem;
    • 

  • ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem;
    • 





Test and restart NGINX:


Test that there are no errors in any of your NGINX files by running the following command


sudo nginx -t


If all of the tests come back as successful, you can go ahead and restart the nginx service


sudo service nginx restart




Validate SSL Cert:


Once restarted, open a browser window and visit your site.  You want validate that the website is using the new LetsEncrypt SSL cert and that the expiration is set 90 days out.  

    
        

        

    

        

            

                
                

                    
                    
                

            

            
                    

    


    


    


    
                

        

    


    


    
    

        

            
    
    
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